Dry and damaged hair typically results from a combination of internal and external factors that compromise the hair’s natural structure and moisture balance. The hair shaft is made up of three layers: the medulla, cortex, and cuticle. The outermost layer, the cuticle, acts as a protective shield that locks in moisture and defends against environmental aggressors. However, when the cuticle is weakened or stripped away—whether by frequent use of heat styling tools, chemical treatments like coloring or perming, or prolonged exposure to harsh environmental conditions such as sun, wind, and pollution—the hair loses its ability to retain moisture. This leads to the cortex becoming exposed and vulnerable, resulting in dryness, frizz, split ends, and breakage.

Internally, factors like inadequate nutrition, dehydration, and hormonal imbalances can further exacerbate dryness and damage. For instance, a diet lacking in essential vitamins and minerals can deprive hair of the nutrients it needs to stay healthy and strong. Similarly, not drinking enough water can lead to overall dehydration, which reflects in the hair’s texture and resilience. Additionally, over-washing or using harsh shampoos can strip the scalp of its natural oils, leaving hair brittle and more prone to damage.

As these factors accumulate, the hair becomes increasingly porous and fragile, losing its natural luster and elasticity. Without proper care and attention, dry and damaged hair can become difficult to manage, leading to a dull, lifeless appearance that lacks the shine and softness of healthy hair. Addressing these issues requires a comprehensive approach that includes nourishing treatments, hydration, and protection to restore the hair’s natural balance and vitality.